GLP-1 Clinical Trials & Research Tracker 2026

Semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide, CagriSema, orforglipron and next-generation obesity medicines

Research snapshot: 3 November 2026 · Curated Phase 3, pivotal and landmark human studies · Last editorial review: 3 November 2026

This tracker follows major clinical studies of GLP-1 receptor agonists and related incretin-based medicines across obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), obstructive sleep apnea and other obesity-related complications.

It is designed as a research navigation tool: each entry links to its ClinicalTrials.gov record and, where available, a peer-reviewed paper, regulatory source or clearly identified sponsor announcement. The tracker distinguishes completed trials from posted results and distinguishes peer-reviewed evidence from sponsor-reported topline findings.

How to use this tracker: Search by medicine, trial acronym, NCT number or condition. Use the dropdowns to filter by compound family or evidence status. Select the NCT link to inspect the registry record, including the latest status, primary completion date, enrollment and results postings.
Important: This is a curated snapshot, not a live connection to ClinicalTrials.gov. Registry records and estimated completion dates can change. A study marked "completed" does not necessarily have results posted or a peer-reviewed publication. Weight-loss percentages from different trials are not direct head-to-head comparisons unless participants were randomized within the same trial.

1. GLP-1 and Related Medicine Status at a Glance

  • Semaglutide Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus
    Mechanism: GLP-1 receptor agonist
    Approved products
    Multiple formulations and indications are approved; check the product-specific label. Research continues in cardiovascular, kidney, liver, heart-failure and oral formulations.
  • Tirzepatide Mounjaro, Zepbound
    Mechanism: Dual GIP / GLP-1 receptor agonist
    Approved products
    Approved indications differ by brand and jurisdiction. Large outcomes and complication-focused studies continue.
  • Orforglipron Foundayo
    Mechanism: Oral, non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist
    U.S. approved
    The FDA approved Foundayo for chronic weight management on 1 April 2026. Additional Phase 3 studies address diabetes and other populations.
  • CagriSema
    Mechanism: Fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide (amylin analogue) + semaglutide (GLP-1 agonist)
    U.S. application filed
    Novo Nordisk reported a U.S. FDA filing in December 2025. As of this tracker date, it is not listed here as FDA-approved. REDEFINE 4 did not meet its prespecified non-inferiority objective versus tirzepatide.
  • Retatrutide
    Mechanism: Triple GIP / GLP-1 / glucagon receptor agonist
    Investigational
    Multiple Phase 3 readouts have been reported, including peer-reviewed TRIUMPH-1 and TRIUMPH-2 publications. Lilly previously indicated plans to submit a BLA in 2027; it is not an approved medicine.
  • Survodutide
    Mechanism: Dual glucagon / GLP-1 receptor agonist
    Investigational
    Phase 3 SYNCHRONIZE results have been published in 2026. Regulatory approval has not been established in this tracker.
  • Maridebart cafraglutide (MariTide)
    Mechanism: GLP-1 receptor agonist / GIP receptor antagonist antibody-peptide conjugate
    Investigational
    Amgen's MARITIME Phase 3 programme is evaluating weight management and obesity-related complications. No Phase 3 efficacy results are included here yet.

"Approved" refers to a specific regulator, product and indication—not blanket approval of every formulation or every use. The FDA status shown above is U.S.-specific and should not be extrapolated to Malaysia or other countries.

2. Searchable Clinical Studies Tracker

Showing all studies
  • Semaglutide

    SELECT

    NCT03574597

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Adults with overweight or obesity, established cardiovascular disease and no diabetes; major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

    • Key result or latest update

      At a mean 39.8-month follow-up, the primary cardiovascular endpoint occurred in 6.5% with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus 8.0% with placebo; HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.72–0.90).

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · SELECT

  • Semaglutide

    FLOW

    NCT03819153

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease; kidney failure, major eGFR decline, kidney death or cardiovascular death.

    • Key result or latest update

      The primary composite outcome was 24% lower with semaglutide than placebo; HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.66–0.88). Median follow-up was 3.4 years.

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · FLOW

  • Semaglutide

    ESSENCE

    NCT04822181

    Phase 3
    Active, not recruiting
    • Population and research question

      Biopsy-confirmed MASH with moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis; histologic improvement and clinical outcomes.

    • Key result or latest update

      Interim 72-week histology analysis: MASH resolution without worsening fibrosis, 62.9% vs 34.3%; fibrosis improvement without worsening MASH, 36.8% vs 22.4%. The longer outcomes study continues.

    • Evidence source

      NEJM / PubMed · ESSENCE

  • Semaglutide

    STEP-HFpEF

    NCT04788511

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); symptoms, physical limitations, exercise function and weight.

    • Key result or latest update

      Completed, with registry results posted and peer-reviewed publication. The trial reported improvements in heart-failure symptoms, physical limitations and body weight.

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · STEP-HFpEF

  • Oral semaglutide

    OASIS 4

    NCT05564117

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes; once-daily oral semaglutide 25 mg plus lifestyle intervention.

    • Key result or latest update

      At week 64, mean weight change was −13.6% with oral semaglutide versus −2.2% with placebo (treatment-policy estimate).

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · OASIS 4

  • Tirzepatide

    SURMOUNT-5

    NCT05822830

    Phase 3b
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Head-to-head comparison with semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with obesity or overweight and weight-related complications, without diabetes.

    • Key result or latest update

      At week 72, mean weight change was −20.2% with tirzepatide versus −13.7% with semaglutide. This is a randomized head-to-head comparison in the studied population.

    • Evidence source

      NEJM / PubMed · SURMOUNT-5

  • Tirzepatide

    SUMMIT

    NCT04847557

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Obesity with HFpEF; cardiovascular death or worsening heart-failure events, symptoms and health status.

    • Key result or latest update

      Cardiovascular death or worsening heart-failure events occurred in 9.9% with tirzepatide versus 15.3% with placebo; HR 0.62 (95% CI 0.41–0.95).

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · SUMMIT

  • Tirzepatide

    SURMOUNT-OSA

    NCT05412004

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Obesity with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, in participants using or not using positive airway pressure (PAP).

    • Key result or latest update

      At week 52, the placebo-adjusted reduction in apnea-hypopnea index was 20.0 and 23.8 events/hour in the two trial populations.

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · SURMOUNT-OSA

  • Tirzepatide

    SURPASS-CVOT

    NCT04255433

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Type 2 diabetes with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; tirzepatide versus dulaglutide for MACE-3.

    • Key result or latest update

      Tirzepatide was non-inferior to dulaglutide for MACE-3: HR 0.92 (95.3% CI 0.83–1.01). Superiority was not established (P=0.09).

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · SURPASS-CVOT

  • Tirzepatide

    SURMOUNT-MMO

    NCT05556512

    Phase 3
    Active, not recruiting
    • Population and research question

      Adults with obesity without type 2 diabetes; morbidity and mortality outcomes.

    • Key result or latest update

      Large outcomes trial with approximately 15,374 planned participants. Estimated study completion is October 2027; no efficacy result is reported here.

    • Evidence source

      Lilly trial information

  • Retatrutide

    TRIUMPH-1

    NCT05929066

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Adults with obesity or overweight without diabetes; includes knee osteoarthritis and obstructive sleep apnea subgroups.

    • Key result or latest update

      Peer-reviewed 2026 publication reported mean weight change up to −25.0% at 80 weeks in the 12 mg group versus −3.9% with placebo; knee-pain and sleep-apnea endpoints also improved in relevant subgroups.

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · TRIUMPH-1

  • Retatrutide

    TRIUMPH-2

    NCT05929079

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Adults with obesity or overweight and type 2 diabetes; weight and glycaemic outcomes.

    • Key result or latest update

      Phase 3 results were published in The Lancet in October 2026. The paper reported dose-related weight reduction and improved glycaemic control; gastrointestinal events were common. The 12 mg estimated treatment difference versus placebo for body weight was −13.8 percentage points.

    • Evidence source

      The Lancet / PubMed · TRIUMPH-2

  • Retatrutide

    TRANSCEND-T2D-2

    NCT06260722

    Phase 3
    Active, not recruiting
    • Population and research question

      Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin, with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor; head-to-head against semaglutide 2 mg.

    • Key result or latest update

      Sponsor topline, 28 October 2026: at 80 weeks, 12 mg retatrutide showed −20.9% mean weight change versus −9.4% with semaglutide 2 mg, and HbA1c change of −2.2% versus −1.8%. Detailed peer-reviewed publication was not yet available in the source checked.

    • Evidence source

      Lilly topline announcement

  • CagriSema

    REDEFINE 1

    NCT05567796

    Phase 3a
    Active, not recruiting
    • Population and research question

      Adults with overweight or obesity without type 2 diabetes; cagrilintide plus semaglutide versus component arms and placebo.

    • Key result or latest update

      At week 68, mean weight change using the treatment-policy estimand was −20.4% with CagriSema versus −3.0% with placebo. The on-treatment/trial-product estimate was −22.7%; do not mix these estimands.

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · REDEFINE 1

  • CagriSema

    REDEFINE 2

    NCT05394519

    Phase 3a
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes; weight and glycaemic outcomes.

    • Key result or latest update

      At week 68, mean weight change was −13.7% with CagriSema versus −3.4% with placebo using the treatment-policy estimand. Gastrointestinal events were common.

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · REDEFINE 2

  • CagriSema

    REDEFINE 3

    NCT05669755

    Phase 3
    Active, not recruiting
    • Population and research question

      Participants with established cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular event outcomes versus placebo.

    • Key result or latest update

      Approximately 7,101 participants. Estimated primary completion: September 2027. No cardiovascular outcome result is reported here.

    • Evidence source

      ClinicalTrials.gov record

  • CagriSema

    REDEFINE 4

    Head-to-head study

    Phase 3
    Topline result reported
    • Population and research question

      Adults with obesity and at least one weight-related comorbidity; CagriSema versus tirzepatide 15 mg.

    • Key result or latest update

      Sponsor result, 23 February 2026: CagriSema produced approximately 23% weight loss at 84 weeks but did not meet the primary non-inferiority endpoint versus tirzepatide. Failure to demonstrate non-inferiority is not proof of equivalence.

    • Evidence source

      Novo Nordisk announcement

  • Orforglipron Foundayo

    ATTAIN-1

    NCT05869903

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Adults with obesity without diabetes; once-daily oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist versus placebo.

    • Key result or latest update

      At week 72, mean weight change was −11.2% with 36 mg orforglipron versus −2.1% with placebo (treatment-regimen estimand). FDA approved Foundayo for chronic weight management on 1 April 2026.

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · ATTAIN-1 · FDA approval

  • Orforglipron Foundayo

    ATTAIN-2

    NCT05872620

    Phase 3
    Completed; registry results posted
    • Population and research question

      Adults with obesity or overweight and type 2 diabetes; oral orforglipron versus placebo.

    • Key result or latest update

      At week 72, mean weight change using the treatment-regimen estimand was −9.6% with 36 mg versus −2.5% with placebo. Registry results were posted on 4 September 2026.

    • Evidence source

      The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

  • Survodutide

    SYNCHRONIZE-1

    NCT06077864

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Adults with obesity or overweight without diabetes; dual glucagon / GLP-1 receptor agonist.

    • Key result or latest update

      At week 76, mean weight change was −13.0% with the 6.0 mg dose versus −5.4% with placebo using the treatment-regimen estimand.

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · SYNCHRONIZE-1

  • Survodutide

    SYNCHRONIZE-2

    NCT06066528

    Phase 3
    Completed
    • Population and research question

      Adults with obesity or overweight and type 2 diabetes; weight and glycaemic outcomes.

    • Key result or latest update

      At week 76, mean weight change was −9.8% with 6.0 mg versus −3.9% with placebo using the treatment-regimen estimand. Results published in NEJM on 1 October 2026.

    • Evidence source

      NEJM · SYNCHRONIZE-2

  • MariTide Maridebart cafraglutide

    MARITIME-1

    NCT06858839

    Phase 3
    Active, not recruiting
    • Population and research question

      Adults with obesity or overweight without type 2 diabetes; monthly or less-frequent antibody-peptide approach.

    • Key result or latest update

      3,853 participants enrolled. Estimated primary completion: 21 January 2027. No Phase 3 efficacy result is included here.

    • Evidence source

      ClinicalTrials.gov · Amgen pipeline updates

3. Major Developments to Watch

Retatrutide: Strong Phase 3 Momentum, but Still Investigational

Retatrutide is a triple GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist. The 2026 TRIUMPH-1 and TRIUMPH-2 publications add peer-reviewed Phase 3 evidence. Lilly also announced positive topline results from the head-to-head TRANSCEND-T2D-2 trial against semaglutide 2 mg on 28 October 2026. The latter should remain labelled as sponsor-reported until a full peer-reviewed paper or registry results are available. Promising trial results do not equal regulatory approval.

CagriSema: Combination Strategy and a Meaningful Head-to-Head Test

CagriSema combines the amylin analogue cagrilintide with semaglutide. REDEFINE 1 and REDEFINE 2 have peer-reviewed Phase 3 publications. However, REDEFINE 4 did not meet its prespecified non-inferiority endpoint versus tirzepatide 15 mg. The 23% weight-loss figure reported by Novo Nordisk should not be used alone to imply that CagriSema matched or outperformed tirzepatide.

Orforglipron: Oral Small-Molecule GLP-1 Medicine

Orforglipron differs from peptide-based oral semaglutide: it is a non-peptide small molecule. The FDA approved Foundayo for chronic weight management in the United States on 1 April 2026. ATTAIN-1 provides evidence in adults with obesity without diabetes; ATTAIN-2 provides Phase 3 evidence in adults with obesity or overweight and type 2 diabetes.

Survodutide and MariTide: Related Mechanisms Beyond Conventional GLP-1 Agonism

Survodutide activates both glucagon and GLP-1 receptors. MariTide combines GLP-1 receptor agonism with GIP receptor antagonism in an antibody-peptide conjugate designed for less-frequent dosing. These are related incretin/metabolic candidates, not interchangeable versions of semaglutide or tirzepatide.

4. How to Interpret Trial Status and Evidence

Recruiting A study is actively enrolling participants. It does not mean the medicine is available for routine treatment.
Active, Not Recruiting The study is still in progress but is not currently enrolling new participants.
Completed The study has ended. Results may or may not have been posted or published.
Results Posted Results have been submitted to the registry. This is not the same as a peer-reviewed journal article.
Topline Result A sponsor's initial summary, usually in a press release. It may precede full methods, detailed safety tables and peer review.
Peer-Reviewed Publication A full manuscript evaluated by journal reviewers. Funding and conflicts of interest still need to be assessed.

Why Weight-Loss Percentages Cannot Be Ranked Casually

Cross-trial weight-loss comparisons can be misleading. Results depend on the enrolled population, diabetes status, baseline body weight, dose, dose escalation, treatment duration, lifestyle support, discontinuation rates, rescue medication rules and statistical estimand. A head-to-head randomized trial is generally more informative for comparative efficacy than comparing two separate placebo-controlled trials.

Pay particular attention to the estimand:

  • Treatment-policy / treatment-regimen estimand: generally aims to estimate the treatment effect in the randomized population while accounting for events such as stopping treatment or using additional therapies according to the trial's statistical strategy.
  • Efficacy / trial-product estimand: estimates efficacy under a hypothetical or on-treatment scenario in which specified intercurrent events, such as treatment discontinuation, are handled differently. It can produce a larger weight-loss estimate than the treatment-policy analysis.

Always quote the estimand, time point and comparator when reporting a percentage. Do not mix a 68-week on-treatment figure with a 72- or 80-week treatment-policy result.

5. Safety and Research Limitations

Clinical trials commonly report gastrointestinal adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation, particularly during dose escalation. Rates of treatment discontinuation and less common adverse events differ by medicine, dose and population. A trial that is too small or too short to detect a rare adverse event cannot establish that the event does not occur.

Long-term questions remain important, including weight maintenance after treatment cessation, preservation of muscle and physical function, nutritional adequacy, gallbladder and pancreatic events, pregnancy-related considerations, mental-health outcomes, frailty, and outcomes in older adults or people with complex multimorbidity. These questions require dedicated studies and careful post-marketing surveillance.

Medical disclaimer: This tracker is for medical education and research navigation. It is not medical advice, a prescribing guide or a recommendation to start, stop, combine or change medication. GLP-1 and related medicines require individualized assessment by a qualified healthcare professional. Do not use unapproved research compounds or products sold online as "research peptides."

6. Primary Sources and Research Databases

  • ClinicalTrials.gov — official U.S. registry for study status, design, eligibility, enrollment and posted results.
  • PubMed — biomedical literature search for journal publications, abstracts, PMID and DOI details.
  • U.S. FDA Drugs — regulatory decisions, prescribing information and safety communications.
  • Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim and Amgen — sponsor announcements and pipeline updates. Sponsor communications should be labelled as such.

7. Editorial Update Log

  • 3 November 2026
    Initial 2026 tracker release

    Includes selected landmark and late-stage human trials. Key late-2026 updates include retatrutide TRANSCEND-T2D-2 sponsor topline results and the October 2026 publication of TRIUMPH-2 and SYNCHRONIZE-2.

Update policy: Recheck ClinicalTrials.gov status and record-update dates at least monthly for late-stage candidates. Add a results date only after confirming a peer-reviewed publication, registry results posting or dated sponsor announcement. 

Prepared by the GLP-1 Advisor research team. This curated tracker is not exhaustive and does not imply endorsement of any medicine, manufacturer, trial or treatment. Trial records are maintained by their responsible parties and may change after this editorial snapshot.

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