Determinants of Human Longevity: Evidence-Based Lifestyle and Metabolic Interventions (2026)
Abstract Longevity is influenced by a combination of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. This review synthesizes evidence on modifiable determinants of lifespan, emphasizing metabolic health, physical fitness, sleep, psychosocial factors, and behavioral interventions. Epidemiologic and interventional studies indicate that preserving muscle mass, maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness, optimizing metabolic markers, and sustaining social connectedness confer substantial reductions in all-cause mortality. Practical strategies, including resistance training, moderate-intensity aerobic activity, caloric moderation, sleep hygiene, and stress management, are highlighted as high-impact, evidence-supported interventions to extend healthspan. Keywords: longevity, insulin resistance, metabolic health, muscle mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, sleep, stress management, healthspan 1. Introduction Human longevity is determined by complex interactions between genetics and lifestyle. Wh...